In 1933, when Hitler came to power, all that changed. My father, like all Jewish civil servants, lost his job and was imprisoned a few days. Gradually there were more and more restrictions on Jew, till my father decided that we must leave Germany and move to England. This was difficult as we knew no-one there. It was necessary to have a Labour permit and a guarantor who agreed to provide for us if my father was unable to do so.

My parents decided to go to England and find a boarding school for my sister Marion and were advised to visit a Quaker school, The Mount School, in York. They liked it and so Marion went there, aged 17. She became friends with a lovely Irish girl, called Margie, and her parents became our Guarantors.

To get a labour permit my father found a Jewish lady called Gertrude who was a dressmaker and also made leather belts, waistcoats etc. They applied to open a factory in Newcastle on Tyne, an area of high unemployment, and to employ local people. After long delays, our Visa, or permit, arrived and we came to Newcastle.

I went to a local primary school and was fortunate to have a good secondary school education and eventually became a dentist.

I was so lucky that I could leave Germany with my family while 6 million Jews perished.